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“If there was hope, it must lie in the proles, because only there, in those swarming disregarded masses, eighty-five percent of the population of Oceania, could the force to destroy the Party ever be generated. The Party could not be overthrown from within. Its enemies, if it had any enemies, had no way of coming together or even of identifying one another. Even if the legendary Brotherhood existed, as just possibly it might, it was inconceivable that its members could ever assemble in larger numbers than twos and threes. Rebellion meant a look in the eyes, an inflection of the voice; at the most, an occasional whispered word. But the proles, if only they could somehow become conscious of their own strength, would have no need to conspire. They need only to rise up and shake themselves like a horse shaking off flies. If they chose they could blow the Party to pieces tomorrow morning. Surely sooner or later it must occur to them to do it.”

― George Orwell, 1984

KanjaG 7 Oct 17
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How were the proles controlled ? They were only allowed to read , listen to certain music, and watch certain movies, so they weren't controlled like the others, they still had feelings and a mind of there own, and free.

Maybe that is the problem. A free man spends his efforts on enjoying freedom. Ambitious dictator spends his time and efforts on things that undermined other's freedom and keep his power.

In George Orwell's dystopian 1984 novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the proles are the working class of Oceania. The word prole is a shortened variant of proletarian, which is a Marxist term for a working-class citizen. In the novel, the proles are generally depicted as being uneducated and living in a state of blissful ignorance.

“The ruling power is always faced with the question, ‘In such and such circumstances, what would you do?’, whereas the opposition is not obliged to take responsibility or make any real decisions.” ― George Orwell

“Nothing is more wonderful than the art of being free, but nothing is harder to learn how to use than freedom.

Our contemporaries are constantly excited by two conflicting passions; they want to be led, and they wish to remain free: as they cannot destroy either one or the other of these contrary propensities, they strive to satisfy them both at once. They devise a sole, tutelary, and all-powerful form of government, but elected by the people. They combine the principle of centralization and that of popular sovereignty; this gives them a respite: they console themselves for being in tutelage by the reflection that they have chosen their own guardians. Every man allows himself to be put in leading-strings, because he sees that it is not a person or a class of persons, but the people at large that holds the end of his chain.

By this system the people shake off their state of dependence just long enough to select their master, and then relapse into it again. A great many persons at the present day are quite contented with this sort of compromise between administrative despotism and the sovereignty of the people; and they think they have done enough for the protection of individual freedom when they have surrendered it to the power of the nation at large. This does not satisfy me: the nature of him I am to obey signifies less to me than the fact of extorted obedience.” ― Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, printed at New York, 1838

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“ACCOUNTABILITY As noted in the first chapter, the failure of democracy to consolidate itself in many parts of the world may be due less to the appeal of the idea itself than to the absence of those material and social conditions that make it possible for accountable government to emerge in the first place. That is, successful liberal democracy requires both a state that is strong, unified, and able to enforce laws on its own territory, and a society that is strong and cohesive and able to impose accountability on the state. It is the balance between a strong state and a strong society that makes democracy work, not just in seventeenth-century England but in contemporary developed democracies as well.” ― Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution

“Democracy of work cannot be imposed on people as a political system. It depends on the consciousness on the part of the working people in all professions of their responsibility for the social process. This consciousness may be present or it may grow in an organic manner, like a tree or an animal organism. The growth of this consciousness of social responsibility is the most important prerequisite for the prevention of the cancer-like growth of political systems in the social organism. If they are allowed to grow, they will sooner or later bring about social chaos.

Furthermore, such consciousness of responsibility alone will, in the course of time, bring the institutions of human society into harmony with the natural functions of work democracy. Political systems come and go without stopping or fundamentally changing the social process. But the pulse of human society would stop and not return should the natural life functions of love, work and knowledge cease for only one day. Natural love, vitally necessary work and scientific search are rational life functions. They can inherently be nothing but rational. Consequently, they are diametrically opposed to any kind of irrationalism. Political irrationalism which infests, deforms and destroys our lives, is — in the strictly psychiatric sense—a perversion of social life, caused by the ostracizing of the natural life functions and by their exclusion from the determination of social life.”

“The German and Russian state apparatuses grew out of despotism. For this reason the subservient nature of the human character of masses of people in Germany and in Russia was exceptionally pronounced. Thus, in both cases, the revolution led to a new despotism with the certainty of irrational logic. In contrast to the German and Russia state apparatuses, the American state apparatus was formed by groups of people who had evaded European and Asian despotism by fleeing to a virgin territory free of immediate and effective traditions. Only in this way can it be understood that, until the time of this writing, a totalitarian state apparatus was not able to develop in America, whereas in Europe every overthrow of the government carried out under the slogan of freedom inevitably led to despotism.

This holds true for Robespierre, as well as for Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin. If we want to appraise the facts impartially, then we have to point out, whether we want to or not, and whether we like it or not, that Europe's dictators, who based their power on vast millions of people, always stemmed from the suppressed classes. I do not hesitate to assert that this fact, as tragic as it is, harbors more material for social research than the facts related to the despotism of a czar or of a Kaiser Wilhelm.

By comparison, the latter facts are easily understood. The founders of the American Revolution had to build their democracy from scratch on foreign soil. The men who accomplished this task had all been rebels against English despotism. The Russian Revolutionaries, on the other had, were forced to take over an already existing and very rigid government apparatus. Whereas the Americans were able to start from scratch, the Russians, as much as they fought against it, had to drag along the old. This may also account for the fact that the Americans, the memory of their own flight from despotism still fresh in their minds, assumed an entirely different—more open and more accessible—attitude toward the new refugees of 1940, than Soviet Russia, which closed its doors to them.

This may explain why the attempt to preserve the old democratic ideal and the effort to develop genuine self-administration was much more forceful in the United States than anywhere else. We do not overlook the many failures and retardations caused by tradition, but in any event a revival of genuine democratic efforts took place in America and not in Russia.

It can only be hoped that American democracy will thoroughly realize, and this before it is too late, that fascism is not confined to any one nation or any one party; and it is to be hoped that it will succeed in overcoming the tendency toward dictatorial forms in the people themselves. Only time will tell whether the Americans will be able to resist the compulsion of irrationality or whether they will succumb to it."

“When the entire social organization is plunged into a state of political upheaval, the conflict between sexuality and compulsive morality will of necessity reach an acute peak. Some will view this state of affairs as moral degeneration, while others will see it as a "sexual revolution." In any event, it is the breakthrough of natural sexuality that is looked upon as "cultural degeneration." This breakthrough is felt to be a "degeneration" only because it constitutes a threat to compulsive morality. Viewed objectively, it is only the system of sexual dictatorship that breaks down, a system devised to preserve compulsive moralistic values in the individual in the interest of authoritarian marriage and family.”

“Would it not be logical to ask, what is it in the masses themselves that made it impossible for them to recognize the function of fascism? The typical formulae, "The workers must realize . . ." or "We did not understand . . ." are of no help. Why did the workers fail to realize and why did we not understand?

Another sterile explanation formed the basis of the discussion between the Left and the Right wings in the workers' movement: The Right contended that the workers were not willing to fight; the Left countered by saying that it was not so, that the workers were revolutionary and the contention of the Right was a betrayal of the revolution. Both statements, with their either-or alternatives, were mechanistically rigid. What would have corresponded to reality would have been the finding that the average worker is neither unequivocally revolutionary nor is he unequivocally conservative. Rather, he is in a conflict: on the one hand, his psychological structure derives from his social position, which tends to make him revolutionary, on the other hand, from the total atmosphere of authoritarian society, which tends to make him conservative. Thus, his revolutionary and his conservative tendencies are in conflict with each other.”

“Finally, we arrive at the question of the so-called nonpolitical man. Hitler not only established his power from the very beginning with masses of people who were until then essentially nonpolitical; he also accomplished his last step to victory in March of 1933 in a "legal" manner, by mobilizing no less than five million nonvoters, that is to say, nonpolitical people. The Left parties had made every effort to win over the indifferent masses, without posing the question as to what it means "to be indifferent or nonpolitical."

If an industrialist and large estate owner champions a rightist party, this is easily understood in terms of his immediate economic interests. In his case a leftist orientation would be at variance with his social situation and would, for that reason, point to irrational motives. If an industrial worker has a leftist orientation, this too is by all mean rationally consistent—it derives from his economic and social position in industry. If, however, a worker, an employee, or an official has a rightist orientation, this must be ascribed to a lack of political clarity, i.e., he is ignorant of his social position.

The more a man who belongs to the broad working masses is nonpolitical, the more susceptible he is to the ideology of political reaction. To be nonpolitical is not, as one might suppose, evidence of a passive psychic condition, but of a highly active attitude, a defense against the awareness of social responsibility. The analysis of this defense against consciousness of one's social responsibility yields clear insights into a number of dark questions concerning the behavior of the broad nonpolitical strata.

In the case of the average intellectual "who wants nothing to do with politics," it can easily be shown that immediate economic interests and fears related to his social position, which is dependent upon public opinion, lie at the basis of his noninvolvement. These fears cause him to make the most grotesque sacrifices with respect to his knowledge and convictions. Those people who are engaged in the production process in one way or another and are nonetheless socially irresponsible can be divided into two major groups.

In the case of the one group the concept of politics is unconsciously associated with the idea of violence and physical danger, i.e., with an intense fear, which prevents them from facing life realistically. In the case of the other group, which undoubtedly constitutes the majority, social irresponsibility is based on personal conflicts and anxieties, of which the sexual anxiety is the predominant one. […] Until now the revolutionary movement has misunderstood this situation. It attempted to awaken the "nonpolitical" man by making him conscious solely of his unfulfilled economic interests.

Experience teaches that the majority of these "nonpolitical" people can hardly be made to listen to anything about their socio-economic situation, whereas they are very accessible to the mystical claptrap of a National Socialist, despite the fact that the latter makes very little mention of economic interests. [This] is explained by the fact that severe sexual conflicts (in the broadest sense of the word), whether conscious or unconscious, inhibit rational thinking and the development of social responsibility. They make a person afraid and force him into a shell.

“Without the power to put them into practice, truths are of no use. They remain academic. Dictatorial power and truth do not go together. They are mutually exclusive. Power, no matter what kind of power it is, without a foundation in truth, is a dictatorship, more or less and in one way or another, for it is always based on man's fear of the social responsibility and personal burden that "freedom" entails.

― Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism

1

As addition to the original post. "Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And the process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right". ― George Orwell

In the novel “Newspeak was the official language of Oceania, devised to meet the ideological needs of Insocor English Socialism.” It is an artificial language made up entirely of coinages, including unnatural compounds like goodfeel and unidiomatic collocations like double plus ungood, such as a computer or a robot might devise. In addition to its ideological function, the purpose of Newspeak was “to make all other modes of thought impossible” (1972, p. 241). Uniquely, the vocabulary diminished annually, narrowing the range of thought, to make “thought crime” an impossibility. However, as it gained currency, Newspeak was used to refer to any contrived political discourse, essentially euphemistic and polysyllabic, official and obfuscatory, classically apparent in the Orwellian formation pacification.

Orwellian formation pacification. It now incorporates coded forms such as friendly fire and collateral damage. Deborah Cameron asks the question:

“If collateral damage is a euphemism, what exactly is it a euphemism for?” (1995, pp. 73–4). The question is naïve, since it cannot be answered, precisely because the cynical effectiveness of the euphemism obscures the facts: it is not a standard euphemism like pass away for die. Being artificial and contaminated, Newspeak has no natural currency in the wider speech community, existing only in ironic and parodic forms such as “The car ran out of control and caused quite a lot of collateral damage.” Imagine the scenario continuing in this manner:

“Sadly, the injuries sustained by the driver were so severe that she was physically challenged for life, resorting to substance abuse, so that her significant other finally abandoned her.” It becomes clear that it is only a short step from Newspeak to the artificial forms of what might be called “PC-speak.”

Many of the fashionable buzzwords of political correctness were almost immediately regarded as a form of Newspeak. In Britain Walter Nash preferred an older word for his Jargon (1993), including a 100-page Glossary of the new terms with extensive, incisive, witty, and generally ironic commentary, evident in his entry for political correctness:

"It means using words and expressions which will (a) display your own social credentials as one who has a sensitive respect for women, or homosexuals, or people of non-European race, or the disabled, or the mentally retarded, or the chronically sick, or the elderly and aged, or the undersized, or the oversized, or vandals or drunks or ram raiders or drug addicts – among others, and 🍺 not give offence to anyone belonging to any of these groups." (Nash, 1993, p. 178)

Nash had a field day, introducing terms for the current jargons such as educationese, rockspeak, techspeak, militarese, and ecotalk. Ruthlessly translating the various uses of challenged, such as “aesthetically challenged (ugly),” he rightly observed that they were “difficult to take in sober earnest.” Commenting on the evasiveness of many new euphemisms, he pertinently noted that “child abuse too easily and queasily accounts for so many unspeakably abominable acts” (1993, p. 112). Kenneth Minogue observed sardonically that “the written word, treated with reverence in civilized circles, is a mere object of use to the barbarian. For this reason, quite a lot of what is called ‘modernization’ resembles barbarism” (2005, p. x).

In America Diane Ravitch’s penetrating study, The Language Police (2003), discussed in chapter 1, applies Orwellian forms of thought control to publishing and teaching practices in the US today. It includes a “Glossary of Banned Words, Usages, Stereotypes, and Topics.” Others regard the newer manifestations with irony. Satirizing the obsessive mind set of extreme “political correctionists” is this comment: “We cannot all be ‘career’ discrimination experts, of course. But . . . we can all make sure that the subject of discrimination – whether racist, sexist, heightist, weightist, ageist, brainist, beautyist or tokenist – is never absent from our waking thoughts.” The source (the Daily Telegraph) is not as surprising as the date: November 19, 1975. It shows that satire can anticipate extremism, a point taken up in the sections dealing with humor and satire in chapter 8.

— Political Correctness: A History of Semantics and Culture, 1st Edition by Geoffrey Hughes (2011)

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