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"Science" Has Gone Too Far. Trouble with experts.

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Positivism

The Frenchman Auguste Comte (1798-1857) is known as the father of modern sociology and was the founder of Positivism, a philosophy that was very popular in the late 1800s. Comte was considered the first philosopher of science as he elevated science by claiming that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge. This naturally discarded all notions of absolute truth based on the Bible and metaphysical truth based on man’s imaginations. Comte believed that his “science of society” could be discovered and explained by applying the Scientific Method in the same manner as it was applied to physical science.

Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (1798 – 1857) was a French philosopher and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term. Comte's ideas were also fundamental to the development of sociology; indeed, he invented the term and treated that discipline as the crowning achievement of the sciences.

Influenced by Henri de Saint-Simon, Comte's work attempted to remedy the social disorder caused by the French Revolution, which he believed indicated imminent transition to a new form of society. He sought to establish a new social doctrine based on science, which he labelled 'positivism'. He had a major impact on 19th-century thought, influencing the work of social thinkers such as John Stuart Mill and George Eliot. His concept of Sociologie and social evolutionism set the tone for early social theorists and anthropologists such as Harriet Martineau and Herbert Spencer, evolving into modern academic sociology presented by Émile Durkheim as practical and objective social research.

Comte's social theories culminated in his "Religion of Humanity", which presaged the development of non-theistic religious humanist and secular humanist organisations in the 19th century. He may also have coined the word altruisme (altruism).

positivism - philosophical doctrine that denies any validity to speculation or metaphysics. Sometimes associated with empiricism, positivism maintains that metaphysical questions are unanswerable and that the only knowledge is scientific knowledge.

The basic tenets of positivism are contained in an implicit form in the works of Francis Bacon, George Berkeley, and David Hume, but the term is specifically applied to the system of Auguste Comte, who developed the coherent doctrine. In addition to being a dominant theme of 19th-century philosophy, positivism has greatly influenced various trends of contemporary thought. Logical positivism is often considered a direct outgrowth of 19th-century positivism.

See L. Kołakowski, The Alienation of Reason (tr. 1968) and Positivist Philosophy (tr. 1972); C. Bryant, Positivism in Social Theory and Research (1985).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2022, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

logical positivism, also known as logical or scientific empiricism, modern school of philosophy that attempted to introduce the methodology and precision of mathematics and the natural sciences into the field of philosophy. The movement, which began in the early 20th cent., was the fountainhead of the modern trend that considers philosophy an analytical, rather than a speculative, inquiry. It began in the group called the Vienna Circle, which formed around Moritz Schlick when he occupied (1920s) a chair of philosophy at the Univ. of Vienna.

Among its members were the philosophers Friedrich Waismann, Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Herbert Feigl, and Victor Kraft, and the mathematicians Hans Hahn, Carl Menger, and Kurt Gödel. The movement soon had a widespread following in Europe and the United States. Among those philosophers whose work was influenced by the Vienna Circle are A. J. Ayer and Gilbert Ryle. The position of the original logical positivists was a blend of the positivism of Ernst Mach with the logical concepts of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, but their inspiration was derived from the writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein, who lived for a time near Vienna, and G. E. Moore.

The Vienna Circle in general subscribed to Wittgenstein's dictum in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus that the object of philosophy was the logical clarification of thought; philosophy was not a theory but an activity. The logical positivists made a concerted effort to clarify the language of science by showing that the content of scientific theories could be reduced to truths of logic and mathematics coupled with propositions referring to sense experience. They held that metaphysical speculation was nonsensical, propositions of logic and mathematics tautological, and moral or value statements merely emotive. They championed the highly influential verification principle, from which it follows that a proposition has meaning only if some sense experience would suffice to determine its truth. The Vienna Circle disintegrated after the Nazis took control of Austria in the late 1930s. The influence of the movement, as a movement, ended c.1940. However, the concepts of the movement, particularly in its emphasis on the function of philosophy as the analysis of language, has been carried on throughout the West.... today we may call it Scientism.

See A. J. Ayer, ed., Logical Positivism (1959, repr. 1966); E. Gellner, Words and Things (rev. ed. 1968, repr. 1979).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2022, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

The Vienna Circle (German: Wiener Kreis) of Logical Empiricism was a group of elite philosophers and scientists drawn from the natural and social sciences, logic and mathematics who met regularly from 1924 to 1936 at the University of Vienna, chaired by Moritz Schlick. The Vienna Circle's influence on 20th-century philosophy, especially philosophy of science and analytic philosophy, is immense up to the present day.

The philosophical position of the Vienna Circle was called logical empiricism (German: logischer Empirismus), logical positivism or neopositivism. It was influenced by Ernst Mach, David Hilbert, French conventionalism (Henri Poincaré and Pierre Duhem), Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Albert Einstein. The Vienna Circle was pluralistic and committed to the ideals of the Enlightenment. It was unified by the aim of making philosophy scientific with the help of modern logic. Main topics were foundational debates in the natural and social sciences, logic and mathematics; the modernization of empiricism by modern logic; the search for an empiricist criterion of meaning; the critique of metaphysics and the unification of the sciences in the unity of science.

The Vienna Circle appeared in public with the publication of various book series – Schriften zur wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung (Monographs on the Scientific World-Conception),Einheitswissenschaft (Unified Science) and the journal Erkenntnis – and the organization of international conferences in Prague; Königsberg (today known as Kaliningrad); Paris; Copenhagen; Cambridge, UK, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Its public profile was provided by the Ernst Mach Society (German: Verein Ernst Mach) through which members of the Vienna Circle sought to popularize their ideas in the context of programmes for popular education in Vienna.

During the era of Austrofascism and after the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany most members of the Vienna Circle were forced to emigrate. The murder of Schlick in 1936 by former student Johann Nelböck put an end to the Vienna Circle in Austria.

[en.wikipedia.org]

Scientism

Scientism takes Positivism to an extreme by claiming that science alone can produce truth about the world and reality. As such, it is more radical and exclusionary than Positivism. Scientism rejects all philosophical, religious and metaphysical claims to understand reality, since the truth it portends cannot be validated by the Scientific Method. Thus, science is the absolute and only access to truth and reality. Scientism is often seen overstepping the bounds of provable science by applying the Scientific Method to areas that cannot be demonstrated, such as evolution, climate change and social science.

With respect to the philosophy of science, the term scientism frequently implies a critique of the more extreme expressions of logical positivism and has been used by social scientists such as Friedrich Hayek, philosophers of science such as Karl Popper, and philosophers such as Mary Midgley, the later Hilary Putnam, and Tzvetan Todorov to describe (for example) the dogmatic endorsement of scientific methods and the reduction of all knowledge to only that which is measured or confirmatory.

More generally, scientism is often interpreted as science applied "in excess". This use of the term scientism has two senses:

The improper use of science or scientific claims. This usage applies equally in contexts where science might not apply, such as when the topic is perceived as beyond the scope of scientific inquiry, and in contexts where there is insufficient empirical evidence to justify a scientific conclusion. It includes an excessive deference to the claims of scientists or an uncritical eagerness to accept any result described as scientific. This can be a counterargument to appeals to scientific authority. It can also address attempts to apply natural science methods and claims of certainty to the social sciences, which Friedrich Hayek described in The Counter-Revolution of Science (1952) as being impossible, because those methods attempt to eliminate the "human factor", while social sciences (including his own topic of economics) mainly concern the study of human action.

"The belief that the methods of natural science, or the categories and things recognized in natural science, form the only proper elements in any philosophical or other inquiry", or that "science, and only science, describes the world as it is in itself, independent of perspective" with a concomitant "elimination of the psychological [and spiritual] dimensions of experience". Tom Sorell provides this definition: "Scientism is a matter of putting too high a value on natural science in comparison with other branches of learning or culture." Philosophers such as Alexander Rosenberg have also adopted "scientism" as a name for the opinion that science is the only reliable source of knowledge.

It is also sometimes used to describe the universal applicability of the scientific method, and the opinion that empirical science constitutes the most authoritative worldview or the most valuable part of human learning, sometimes to the complete exclusion of other opinions, such as historical, philosophical, economic or cultural opinions. It has been defined as "the view that the characteristic inductive methods of the natural sciences are the only source of genuine factual knowledge and, in particular, that they alone can yield true knowledge about man and society". The term scientism is also used by historians, philosophers, and cultural critics to highlight the possible dangers of lapses towards excessive reductionism with respect to all topics of human knowledge.

For social theorists practising the tradition of Max Weber, such as Jürgen Habermas and Max Horkheimer, the concept of scientism relates significantly to the philosophy of positivism, but also to the cultural rationalization for modern Western civilization.

Scientism is the opinion that science and the scientific method are the best or only way to render truth about the world and reality.

While the term was defined originally to mean "methods and attitudes typical of or attributed to natural scientists", some scholars (and subsequently many others) also adopted it as a pejorative term with the meaning "an exaggerated trust in the efficacy of the methods of natural science applied to all areas of investigation (as in philosophy, the social sciences, and the humanities)"

Definitions

Reviewing the references to scientism in the works of contemporary scholars, Gregory R. Peterson detected two main general themes:

It is used to criticize a totalizing opinion of science as if it were capable of describing all reality and knowledge, or as if it were the only true method to acquire knowledge about reality and the nature of things;

It is used, often pejoratively, to denote violations by which the theories and methods of one (scientific) discipline are applied inappropriately to another (scientific or non-scientific) discipline and its domain. An example of this second usage is to term as scientism any attempt to claim science as the only or primary source of human values (a traditional domain of ethics) or as the source of meaning and purpose (a traditional domain of religion and related worldviews).

The term scientism was popularized by F.A. Hayek, who defined it as the "slavish imitation of the method and language of Science". Karl Popper defines scientism as "the aping of what is widely mistaken for the method of science".

Mikael Stenmark proposed the expression scientific expansionism as a synonym of scientism. In the Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, he wrote that, while the doctrines that are described as scientism have many possible forms and varying degrees of ambition, they share the idea that the boundaries of science (that is, typically the natural sciences) could and should be expanded so that something that has not been previously considered as a subject pertinent to science can now be understood as part of science (usually with science becoming the sole or the main arbiter regarding this area or dimension).

According to Stenmark, the strongest form of scientism states that science does not have any boundaries and that all human problems and all aspects of human endeavor, with due time, will be dealt with and solved by science alone. This idea has also been termed the Myth of Progress.

E. F. Schumacher, in his A Guide for the Perplexed, criticized scientism as an impoverished world view confined solely to what can be counted, measured and weighed. "The architects of the modern worldview, notably Galileo and Descartes, assumed that those things that could be weighed, measured, and counted were more true than those that could not be quantified. If it couldn't be counted, in other words, it didn't count."

Intellectual historian T.J. Jackson Lears argued there has been a recent reemergence of "nineteenth-century positivist faith that a reified 'science' has discovered (or is about to discover) all the important truths about human life. Precise measurement and rigorous calculation, in this view, are the basis for finally settling enduring metaphysical and moral controversies." Lears specifically identifies Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker's work as falling in this category. Philosophers John N. Gray and Thomas Nagel have made similar criticisms against popular works by moral psychologist Jonathan Haidt, atheist author Sam Harris, and writer Malcolm Gladwell.

Relevance to debates about science and religion

Both religious and non-religious scholars have applied the term scientism to individuals associated with New Atheism.Theologian John Haught argued that philosopher Daniel Dennett and other New Atheists subscribe to a belief system of scientific naturalism, which includes the dogma that "only nature, including humans and our creations, is real: that God does not exist; and that science alone can give us complete and reliable knowledge of reality".

Haught argued that this belief system is self-refuting since it requires its adherents to assent to beliefs that violate its own stated requirements for knowledge. Christian philosopher Peter Williams argued in 2013 that it is only by conflating science with scientism that New Atheists feel qualified to "pontificate on metaphysical issues". Daniel Dennett responded to religious criticism of his 2006 book Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon by saying that accusations of scientism "[are] an all-purpose, wild-card smear ... When someone puts forward a scientific theory that [religious critics] really don't like, they just try to discredit it as 'scientism'. But when it comes to facts, and explanations of facts, science is the only game in town".

Non-religious scholars have also associated New Atheist thought with scientism and/or with positivism. Atheist philosopher Thomas Nagel argued that philosopher Sam Harris conflated all empirical knowledge with scientific knowledge. Marxist literary critic Terry Eagleton argued that Christopher Hitchens possessed an "old-fashioned scientistic notion of what counts as evidence" that reduces knowledge to what can and cannot be proven by scientific procedure. Agnostic philosopher Anthony Kenny has also criticized New Atheist philosopher Alexander Rosenberg's The Atheist's Guide to Reality for resurrecting a self-refuting epistemology of logical positivism and reducing all knowledge of the universe to the discipline of physics.

Michael Shermer, founder of The Skeptics Society, discussed resemblances between scientism and traditional religions, indicating the cult of personality that develops for some scientists. He defined scientism as a worldview that encompasses natural explanations, eschews supernatural and paranormal speculations, and embraces empiricism and reason.

The Iranian scholar Seyyed Hossein Nasr has stated that in the Western world, many will accept the ideology of modern science, not as "simple ordinary science", but as a replacement for religion.

Gregory R. Peterson wrote that "for many theologians and philosophers, scientism is among the greatest of intellectual sins". Genetic biologist Austin L. Hughes wrote in the conservative journal The New Atlantis that scientism has much in common with superstition: "the stubborn insistence that something ... has powers which no evidence supports."

Repeating common criticisms of logical positivism and verificationism, philosopher of religion Keith Ward has said that scientism is philosophically inconsistent or even self-refuting, as the truth of the two statements "no statements are true unless they can be proven scientifically (or logically)" and "no statements are true unless they can be shown empirically to be true" cannot themselves be proven scientifically, logically, or empirically.

Philosophy of science

Rhetoric of science

Main article: Rhetoric of science
Thomas M. Lessl argued that religious themes persist in what he terms scientism, the public rhetoric of science. There are two methods of describing this idea of scientism: the epistemological method (the assumption that the scientific method trumps other ways of knowing) and the ontological method (that the rational mind represents the world and both operate in knowable ways). According to Lessl, the ontological method is an attempt to "resolve the conflict between rationalism and skepticism". Lessl also argued that without scientism, there would not be a scientific culture.
Rationalization and modernity

See also: Rationalization (sociology) and Antipositivism § Frankfurt School

In the introduction to his collected works on the sociology of religion, Max Weber asked why "the scientific, the artistic, the political, or the economic development [elsewhere] ... did not enter upon that path of rationalization which is peculiar to the Occident?" According to the German social theorist Jürgen Habermas, "For Weber, the intrinsic (that is, not merely contingent) relationship between modernity and what he called 'Occidental rationalism' was still self-evident." Weber described a process of rationalisation, disenchantment and the "disintegration of religious world views" that resulted in modern secular societies and capitalism.

"Modernization" was introduced as a technical term only in the 1950s. It is the mark of a theoretical approach that takes up Weber's problem but elaborates it with the tools of social-scientific functionalism ... The theory of modernization performs two abstractions on Weber's concept of "modernity". It dissociates "modernity" from its modern European origins and stylizes it into a spatio-temporally neutral model for processes of social development in general. Furthermore, it breaks the internal connections between modernity and the historical context of Western rationalism, so that processes of modernization ... [are] no longer burdened with the idea of a completion of modernity, that is to say, of a goal state after which "postmodern" developments would have to set in. ... Indeed it is precisely modernization research that has contributed to the currency of the expression "postmodern" even among social scientists.

— Jürgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity

Habermas is critical of pure instrumental rationality, arguing that the "Social Life–World" of subjective experiencing is better suited to literary expression, whereas the sciences deal with "intersubjectively accessible experiences" that can be generalized in a formal language, while the literary arts "must generate an intersubjectivity of mutual understanding in each concrete case".[67][68] Habermas quoted writer Aldous Huxley in support of this duality of literature and science:

The world with which literature deals is the world in which human beings are born and live and finally die; the world in which they love and hate, in which they experience triumph and humiliation, hope and despair; the world of sufferings and enjoyments, of madness and common sense, of silliness, cunning and wisdom; the world of social pressures and individual impulses, of reason against passion, of instincts and conventions, of shared language and unsharable feelings and sensations...
— Aldous Huxley, Literature and Science

Media references

As a form of dogma, as defined in the PBS documentary Faith and Reason: "Unlike the use of the scientific method as only one mode of reaching knowledge, scientism claims that science alone can render truth about the world and reality. Scientism's single-minded adherence to only the empirical, or testable, makes it a strictly scientific worldview, in much the same way that a Protestant fundamentalism that rejects science can be seen as a strictly religious worldview. Scientism sees it necessary to do away with most, if not all, metaphysical, philosophical, and religious claims, as the truths they proclaim cannot be apprehended by the scientific method. In essence, scientism sees science as the absolute and only justifiable access to the truth.

In the novel The Second Sleep by Robert Harris, the church has banned 'scientism', and interest in technology in general.

[en.wikipedia.org]

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Progressivism

According to one historian, progressivism is a political movement that addresses ideas, impulses, and issues stemming from modernization of American society. Emerging at the end of the nineteenth century, it established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century.

Industrialization was enabled by science, technology and invention. As knowledge increased, it was surmised that society must change along with it, or at least adapt to it. Progressives called for bigger government run by qualified managers with diminishing personal liberty and national sovereignty, but they simultaneously fought to reduce waste and increase efficiency in government. The emphasis on efficiency drove many progressives into Technocracy since science appeared to be the only pathway to achieve it.

In U.S. history, a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th cent. In the decades following the Civil War rapid industrialization transformed the United States. A national rail system was completed; agriculture was mechanized; the factory system spread; and cities grew rapidly in size and number. The progressive movement arose as a response to the vast changes brought by industrialization.

America's entry into World War I diverted the energy of reformers, and after the war progressivism virtually died. Its legacy endured, however, in the political reforms that it achieved and the acceptance that it won for the principle of government regulation of business. Most of the social-welfare measures advocated by progressives had to await the New Deal years for passage.

progressivism lead to eugenics movements, especially in America before WWII and would be shared and adopted and expanded in NAZI Germany.

eugenics study of human genetics and of methods to improve the inherited characteristics, physical and mental, of the human race. Efforts to improve the human race through bettering housing facilities and other environmental conditions are known as euthenics.

Sir Francis Galton, who introduced the term eugenics, is usually regarded as the founder of the modern science of eugenics; his emphasis was on the role of factors under social control that could either improve or impair the qualities of future generations. Modern eugenics is directed chiefly toward the discouragement of propagation among the unfit (negative eugenics) and encouragement of propagation among those who are healthy, intelligent, and of high moral character (positive eugenics). Such a program involves many difficulties, especially that of defining which traits are most desirable.

The first half of the 20th cent. saw extreme coercive application of such principles by governments ranging from miscegenation laws and enforced sterilization of the insane and feebleminded (in truth, often poor and less educated), frequently by Progressive jurists, in the United States and other nations to the Holocaust of Nazi Germany. Regulated eugenics continues in some parts of the world; China enacted restrictions on marriages involving persons with certain disabilities and diseases in 1994.

In the United States in recent years, interest in eugenics has centered around genetic screening (see genetic testing). It is known, for example, that hemophilia, albinism, and certain structural abnormalities are inheritable. Family gene maps, called pedigrees, can help families with serious diseases avoid having children with the same diseases through genetic counseling, and, increasingly, prospective parents can be tested directly for the presence of genes linked to inheritable diseases and abnormalities. If conception has occurred, tests such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling can be used to detect certain genetic defects in the fetus. Embryo screening can be used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization prior to pregnancy to test embryos for genetic abnormalities; only those found free of defects are implanted and allowed to develop.

See J. H. Bennett, Natural Selection, Heredity, and Eugenics (1983); D. J. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics (1985); M. B. Adams, ed., The Wellborn Science: Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil, and Russia (1989); E. A. Carlson, The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea (2001); A. Cohen, Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck (2016); T. C. Leonard, Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive Era (2016).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2022, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

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The Evil Twins Of Transhumanism And Technocracy

Posted By: Patrick Wood July 11, 2021

The dots between Technocracy and Transhumanism are easily connected once its understood that both sit atop the pseudo-science religion of Scientism, which posits that science is god and scientists and engineers are its priesthood. This article provides the current framework to understand this nexus. ⁃ TN Editor

Technocracy is to the transformation of society as Transhumanism is to the transformation of the human condition of people who would live in that society.

Both are underpinned by a religious belief known as Scientism that says that science is a god and that scientists, engineers and technologists are the priesthood that translates findings into practice.

It is a fatal error to equate Scientism with science. True science explores the natural world using the time-tested scientific method of repeated experimentation and validation. By comparison, Scientism is a speculative, metaphysical worldview about the nature and reality of the universe and man’s relation to it.

Scientism refutes traditional religious views, morals and philosophy and instead looks to science as the source for personal and societal moral value.

Pat Wood - DDP Meeting 2021 Banquet

The relationship between Technocracy and Transhumanism can be seen as early as 1933 when Harold Loeb wrote Life in a Technocracy: What It Might Be Like:

“Technocracy envisages another form of domestication, a form in which man may become more than man… Technocracy is designed to develop the so-called higher faculties in every man and not to make each man resigned to the lot into which he may be born… Through breeding with specific individuals for specific purposes… A technocracy, then, should in time produce a race of men superior in quality to any now known on earth…”

Thus, Loeb saw Technocracy (the society) as producing a superior quality of man by applying advanced technology to the human condition.

The Nature Of Technocracy

Formalized in 1932 by scientists and engineers at Columbia University, the movement defined itself in a 1938 edition of its magazine, The Technocrat:

“Technocracy is the science of social engineering, the scientific operation of the entire social mechanism to produce and distribute goods and services to the entire population… For the first time in human history it will be done as a scientific, technical, engineering problem.”

Indeed, Technocracy was an economic system based on science and social engineering. Technocrats were so certain that their scientific approach was so righteous that there would be no need for any political structures whatsoever:

“There will be no place for Politics, Politicians, Finance or Financiers, Rackets or Racketeers… Technocracy will distribute by means of a certificate of distribution available to every citizen from birth to death.”

Today, Technocracy is embodied in the World Economic Forum’s Great Reset and the various United Nations’ manifestations of Sustainable Development: Agenda 21, 2030 Agenda, New Urban Agenda, etc.

The Nature Of Transhumanism

A philosophical mainstay of modern Transhumanism, Max More, defined it in 1990 as:

“…a class of philosophies of life that seek the continuation and acceleration of the evolution of intelligent life beyond its currently human form and human limitations by means of science and technology, guided by life-promoting principles and values.”

The means to the end is ultimately genetic engineering that takes over and speeds up evolution theory to create humanity 2.0.

Since the advent of CRISPR gene-editing technology, Transhumans have saturated universities and private corporations to modify all categories of living things, including humans.

What is preached as the preservation of biodiversity by the United Nations is really the takeover of genetic material, which was noted as early as 1994, just two years after the debut of Sustainable Development and Agenda 21 at the UN Conference on Economic Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janiero, Brazil.

The 1994 book, The Earth Brokers, was written by two principal participants in the Rio process who did not blindly swallow what had just happened. They noted two things about the biodiversity convention that 156 nations of the world adopted:

“The convention implicitly equates the diversity of life – animals and plants – to the diversity of genetic codes, for which read genetic resources. By doing so, diversity becomes something modern science can manipulate… the convention promotes biotechnology as being ‘essential for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.’”

Secondly, they noted that “the main stake raised by the biodiversity convention is the issue of ownership and control over biological diversity… the major concern was protection of the pharmaceutical and emerging biological industries.”

It is little wonder today that the pharmaceutical industry is producing gene therapy shots using genetically modified RNA to transform the body’s immune system. They have been working hard since 1992 to advance the technology needed to hijack the human genome and begin the transformative pathway to Humanity 2.0.

However, it is Technocracy that has used its “science of social engineering” techniques to manipulate twenty-two percent of the world’s population into willingly accepting the transhumans’ gene altering injections.

The Great Reset Embraces Both Technocracy and Transhumanism

It has been noted in many professional journals that the World Economic Forum and its founder/spokesman Klaus Schwab, are promoting both Technocracy and Transhumanism at the same time. In light of this article, this should not be surprising.

The European Academy on Religion and Society (EARS), for instance, wrote that:

“…the highly influential members of the World Economic Forum have a plan for what should come next. It is called ‘The Great Reset’, and it envisions a truly ‘transhumanist’ future for us all… Since mid-2020, the WEF has been promoting its vision for our post-coronavirus future, which they call ‘The Great Reset’. In their view, the pandemic has exposed the weaknesses of our old system, and therefore presents a perfect opportunity to ‘reset’ our world and start anew. What is striking about this plan, which the WEF has condensed into a virus-shaped mindmap, is its implicit endorsement of a philosophy called ‘transhumanism’. (emphasis added)

As initially stated, “Technocracy is to the transformation of society as Transhumanism is to the transformation of the human condition of people who would live in that society.”

In conclusion, the evil twins of Technocracy and Transhumanism, along with their underlying religion of Scientism, need to be recognized for what they are but most importantly, they must be resisted and rejected with every fiber of our being.

[technocracy.news]

Krunoslav 9 Feb 19
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A lot of the problem I think comes from a misunderstanding of the scientific method.  It is a simple concept.  Observation, hypothesis, experimentation followed by observation directed by the experimentation, new or refined hypothesis and additional experimentation.  It doesn't require a philosophy.  In fact it is the way all life works.  Intelligence being a property of life.  Even a simple organism follows the same procedure.  An amoeba detects it's chemical environment (observation), "decides" which way to move to avoid danger and acquire food (hypothesis), moves accordingly (experimentation) and repeats the process.

Humans add abstract judgments based on subjective values to this natural process.  Nature itself doesn't have purpose or design.  Evolution is a bottom up process while humans tend to see the world as a top down process.  We set values and design our actions to meet them.  Like everything else there isn't a strict line between subjective values and bottom up processes.  From a objective position you could argue that the amoeba makes a value judgement in "deciding" to live.  You could even say that it's "judgment" process is abstract in the sense that it has evolved a world view.  The opposite is equally true in that you could argue that humans are just responding to the environment based on the demands of fitness.  This is where philosophy comes in. 

Wittgenstein perhaps is a good example of the role of philosophy in science.  It isn't so much to critique the methodology but to refine the language.  There are many languages but they can all be thought of as tools.  Colloquial language to conduct our social life, math, formal logic etc.  Language doesn't just transmit information but is a thinking tool.  It's important to remember that they are abstract.  Products of the imagination.  No matter how hard you try every abstract representation of reality is approximate, not a substitute for the thing itself.  In a sense everything we know is metaphysical.

One of the things that has confounded Western thought was the importance given to Plato and his idea that the idea of a thing was more real than the thing itself.  Aristotle would correct that to some extent with a more "scientific" view but it still pops up in theories such as scientism.

Since we see the world from a top down perspective our views are rigid, authoritative.  Everyone's an expert in their own mind.  But like all thought we are only abstracting.  We cannot know god.  Our knowledge is always approximate, good enough, just as the amoeba's "knowledge" of the world is good enough for its fitness. 

The major scientific hurdle today is that are thinking tools are not adequate for complex chaotic systems.  The more complex and chaotic a system is the more approximate are representations will be.  You can see that in climate science where the predictions have been grossly inadequate.  Philosophy should have stepped in and pointed out the inadequacies of our languages.  Especially math, logic and computational.  But philosophy has been marginalized as less rigourous than science.

To be sure I hold philosophy in about as high of regard as the soft sciences such as sociology.  A lot of the problem stems from a poor understanding of abstract reality.  The best of abstract reality is internally consistent.  Logic is an example as is math.  Contrary to the poor philosophy that scientists hold on to science isn't about logic or math.  Those are just tools.  Science is about the observation of causes and effects.  Logic and math are used to tease out observations.  And today they are greatly enhanced by technology.  That said, science remains a reductionistic endeavor.  That is necessary to reduce complexity and chaos. 

A lot of scientific discoveries" remain accidental.  A product of "random" observation.  To some extent logic forces us to find what we are looking for otherwise.  Many scientists are aware of this and have turned to bottom up design.  Applying evolutionary theory to research.  The speed and accuracy of computers make this possible.  It turns out that top down, or authoritarian methods have limitations.  The key here is the recognition of how systems without random events remain static beyond chemical and nuclear determinism.  Yet modern philosophers have failed to make this observation because they are inculturated into top down refinement of languages. 

Hubris may be the greatest sin.  It was Satans belief that he was gods equal that cast him forever out of gods grace.  It certainly is the sin of scientism.  It has come to depend too much on authority and ignored the limitations of that authority.  It has made itself gods equal.  Chaos rules the modern world where people can not even agree on two sexes because gender is a question of morality.  And morality is impossible from a natural philosophy position.  Nature is amoral, only concerned with fitness and bottom up design.  In a deterministic scientism world freewill agency and dignity are impossible.  The irony of course is that a system built on abstract reality should be so blind to abstract reality and the inherent limitations therein.
             

   

wolfhnd Level 8 Feb 19, 2023

"A lot of the problem I think comes from a misunderstanding of the scientific method."

Somehow I doubt that it was misunderstanding, as much as engineered that way. After all, for the ideologues a path to utopia can only be sustained if they pretend reality is on their said, no matter how much they have to bend it and even break it. Clever is not same thing as wise. These ideologues and social engineers were no doubt clever, intelligent even, but they were fools, not wise men. False prophets. But social movements are full of false prophets. It never stop them from obtaining large followings.

Hitler. Lenin. Stalin. Mao were like that. And yet they were followed to their death.

“Many people, observing religious conflict in the contemporary world, have become hostile to religion as such and regard it as a source of violence and intolerance. In a world of overlapping and plural religious environments, this can clearly be the case. But they fail to put religion in its broader historical context, where it was a critical factor in permitting broad social cooperation that transcended kin and friends as a source of social relationships. Moreover, secular ideologies like Marxism-Leninism or nationalism that have displaced religious beliefs in many contemporary societies can be and have been no less destructive due to the passionate beliefs that they engender.” ― Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution

“The Communist Manifesto as political rhetoric has an almost biblical force.”
― Eric Hobsbawm, How to Change the World: Marx and Marxism 1840-2011

“Marxism is supposed to be a social science designed to see through hypocrisies and denial, but Marxism ended up as a kind of earplug, guaranteed to deafen its disciples.” ― Paul Berman

“The influence that Marxism has achieved, far from being the result or proof of its scientific character, is almost entirely due to its prophetic, fantastic, and irrational elements. Marxism is a doctrine of blind confidence that a paradise of universal satisfaction is awaiting us just around the corner. Almost all the prophecies of Marx and his followers have already proved to be false, but this does not disturb the spiritual certainty of the faithful, any more than it did in the case of chiliastic sects.… In this sense Marxism performs the function of a religion, and its efficacy is of a religious character. But it is a caricature and a bogus form of religion, since it presents its temporal eschatology as a scientific system, which religious mythologies do not purport to be.” ― Leszek Kołakowski

“Marxism was a simple substitute for Christianity. Replace God with Marx, Satan with the bourgeoisie, Heaven with a classless society, the Church with the Party,” ― Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things

“It is quite true that Marx said that religion is the opium of the people. But of course we now know that Marxism is the crack cocaine of the people.”
― Douglas Wilson

“In Christianity this evolution lasted centuries; in Bolshevism — only decades. If Lenin was the St. Paul of Marxism, who set out to transplant the movement from its original environment into new lands, Stalin was already its Constantine the Great. He was, to be sure, not the first Emperor to embrace Marxism, but the first Marxist revolutionary to become the autocratic ruler of a vast empire.” ― Isaac Deutscher, Russia After Stalin

“Marxism is not necessarily what Karl Marx wrote in Das Kapital, also called Capital. A Critique of Political Economy, but whatever it is that all the warring sects believe, who claim to be the faithful. From the gospels you cannot deduce the history of Christianity, nor from the Constitution the political history of America. It is Das Kapital as conceived, the gospels as preached and the preachment as understood, the Constitution as interpreted and administered, to which you have to go.” ― Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion

“Hence a communist society would have a new ethical basis. It has been claimed – by Lenin among others – that Marxism is a scientific system, free from any ethical judgements or postulates. These are the essential points of ‘the first Marxism’. It is manifestly not a scientific enterprise in the sense in which we understand science today. Its theories are not derived from detailed factual studies, or subjected to controlled tests or observations.” ― Anonymous

"That Marxism is not a science is entirely clear to intelligent people in the Soviet Union. One would even feel awkward to refer to it as a science. Leaving aside the exact sciences, such as physics, mathematics, and the natural sciences, even the social sciences can predict an event—when, in what way and how an event might occur. Communism has never made any such forecasts. It has never said where, when, and precisely what is going to happen. Nothing but declamations. Rhetoric to the effect that the world proletariat will overthrow the world bourgeoisie and the most happy and radiant society will then arise.” ― Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Warning to the West

“Kirk defined the ideologue as one who “thinks of politics as a revolutionary instrument for transforming society and even transforming human nature.” Unleashed during the most radical phase of the French Revolution, the spirit of ideology has metastasized over the past two centuries, wreaking horrors. Jacobinism, Anarchism, Marxism, Leninism, Fascism, Stalinism, Nazism, Maoism—all shared the fatal attraction to “political messianism”; all were “inverted religions.” Each of these ideologies preached a dogmatic approach to politics, economics, and culture. Each in its own way endeavored “to substitute secular goals and doctrines for religious goals and doctrines.” Thus did the ideologue promise “salvation in this world, hotly declaring that there exists no other realm of being.” ― Russell Kirk, The American Cause

Although Marxism has failed as a political and economic system, ironically it flourishes as a secular religion. Perhaps Marxism ought to be regarded as the crack cocaine of the Left.

“The appeal by twentieth-century pluralists to scientific method was also ideologically—and even messianically—driven. It ignored scientific data that interfered with environmentalist assumptions and misrepresented socialist faith as “scientific planning.” ― Paul Edward Gottfried

"Technocracy is the science of social engineering, the scientific operation of the entire social mechanism to produce and distribute goods and services to the entire population." The Technocrat (1938)

Technocracy is to the transformation of society as Trans-humanism is to the transformation of the people who would live in it.

How else would technocracy or communism work in reality, unless you redefine what reality itself is.

Hitler rejected theory of relativity by Einstein, because it was Jew science and adopted "Cosmic Ice Theory"

Cosmic Ice Theory—Science, Fiction and the Public, 1894–1945

Dept. Rheinberger - Knowledge in the Making. Drawing and Writing as Research Techniques

Christina Wessely

Ernst Werner Siemens (von Siemens 1816 – 1892) was a German electrical engineer, inventor and industrialist. Siemens's name has been adopted as the SI unit of electrical conductance, the siemens. He founded the electrical and telecommunications conglomerate Siemens.

At the end of the nineteenth century, Werner Siemens proclaimed the beginning of the scientific age in Germany. At the same time, academic scholars, popularizers, and journalists were confronted with a huge number of theories that did not meet the requirements for new scientific knowledge that had recently been expressed at the Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte. (Assembly of German Naturalists and Physicians).

These theories, appearing both as universal cosmologies and holistic Weltanschauungen, explicitly disapproved of the development of modern science, sharing a popular fear that a purely materialistic, abstract science would lead to cultural decline.

Welteislehre (WEL; "World Ice Theory" or "World Ice Doctrine" ), also known as Glazial-Kosmogonie (Glacial Cosmogony).

This project dealt with one of the most popular of these ideas, one of the supposed “strange dissonances” that accompanied scientific modernism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This so-called Welteislehre (cosmic ice theory) or Glazialkosmogonie serves as a case study to show that these alleged expressions of scientific esotericism were not anachronistic, marginal ideas but were an integral part of the discourse of modern science.

The cosmic ice theory was “discovered” by the Austrian engineer Hanns Hörbiger in 1894 in the course of an epiphanic vision (a moment of sudden understanding or revelation). He supposed ice to be the basic substance of all cosmic processes, most impressively materialized in the moon, the Milky Way (the galaxy containing the solar system; consists of millions of stars that can be seen as a diffuse band of light stretching across the night sky), and the ether ([archaic] The fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies).

Apart from purporting to explain all astronomical, geological, and meteorological phenomena, the Welteislehre was also said to be the foundation of a new “cosmic cultural history,” forming both a scientific and philosophical, poetic, and artistic “kosmotechnische Weltanschauung” (a cosmotechnical world view) that Hörbiger called an “astronomy of the invisible.”

The history of the cosmic ice theory was examined in three distinctive periods, each characterized by a series of particular themes.

For the first period (1894–1918), the focus was on questions concerning the generation of cosmotechnical knowledge and the role of experiments within the theory. Special interest was drawn to the dialectic relation of Hörbiger’s intuitive visions and his experimental program—that is, the relation between what he called “certain facts” gained via “creative intuition” and “mathematical fictions” resulting from “artificial experiments.”

The first attempts to introduce the cosmic ice theory to the scientific community before WWI were in vain. The second period (1919–31), however, marked the highpoint of public enthusiasm for the Welteislehre. In 1919, Hörbiger decided to change his strategy. He aimed to promote the new cosmic truth not only to people at universities and academies, but also to a broader public.

Hörbiger theorized that if the “masses” accepted his ideas then they would put sufficient pressure on the academic establishment to “force” the cosmic ice theory into the mainstream of scientific discourse. To actively advance this process of making the idea of the universal Welteis widely known, no efforts were spared. Cosmotechnical societies were founded, offering public lectures that attracted audiences of up to 1,200 people. There were cosmic ice movies and radio programs, and cosmic ice journals and novels. Thus, the history of the theory in the 1920s was mainly a history of popularization.

Taking a closer look at representations of the theory’s epistemic objects as they appear in the media of popularization suggests that the popularity of the Welteislehre was to a large extent the result of its subversive attraction based on an unsettling and fascinating amalgam of scientific terminology and methodology with popular images and clichés.

How exactly did this differ from representations in contemporary physics and cosmology? How should fiction in science at this time be understood? Similar questions are raised concerning Hörbiger’s strategies of self-fashioning which mixed equally the fantastical and the serious, drawing on personae as disparate as Renaissance polymaths and contemporary experimentalists.

By providing all the necessary clues to convince his audience that what they saw was truly “scientific,” he produced sensations of authenticity that made the distinction between “serious” scientific work, committed to objectivity and rationality, and mere dramatic banter about it almost impossible, at least for the broader public.

The third period (1931–45) involved the adoption of the cosmic ice theory by the National Socialists and its institutionalization in their research organization "Ahnenerbe" (ancestral heritage). The Welteislehre had already been heavily and successfully promoted as the “German antithesis” of the “Jewish” theory of relativity in the late 1920s, introduced by Albert Einstein German-born (Jew) theoretical physicist; developer of the theory of relativity (1879–1955).

After Hörbiger’s death in 1931, the followers of the cosmic ice theory came to the conclusion that, given the changing political situation in Germany, aligning the theory with National Socialism would eventually lead to its acceptance. What status did the cosmic ice theory subsequently have within the National Socialist research system? Was it just another “obscure dogma,” the personal hobby of Heinrich Himmler, Hermann Göring and Hitler himself, or a field of research well integrated into the academic discourse of the time? What were the relations of Welteislehre and Deutsche Physik?

The investigation of the social and political conditions that made the cosmic ice theory’s enormous popularity possible shed light on the specific circumstances that led to the renaissance of esoteric cosmologies in the first three decades of the twentieth century. It showed that phenomena like the Welteislehre were not anachronistic, marginal ideas, but that these forms of “scientific esotericism” were instead an integral part of the discourse of modern science.

Publications

“Kosmische Ent-Fremdung. Zur Geschichte der Welteislehre und ihrer epistemischen Dinge,” in: Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften 1 (2006).

“Karriere einer Weltanschauung. Die Welteislehre 1894–1945,” in: Zeitgeschichte 6 (2006), pp. 3-22.

“Die Welteislehre. Zur Popularisierung eines technischen Weltbildes,” in: Blätter für Technikgeschichte 65 (2003), pp. 9–27.

[mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de]

Völkisch Occult Cosmology

‘There is a Nordic and National Socialist Science which is opposed to Judaeo-Liberal Science.‘ - Adolf Hitler

The Völkisch occultists were not content with redefining art, culture, politics, and philosophy; their ambition extended to cosmology as well, and Hanns Hörbiger was the creator of this new cosmology.

Hanns Hörbiger (1860–1921) was an Austrian engineer from Vienna with roots in Tyrol. He took part in the construction of the Budapest subway and, in 1894, invented a new type of valve essential for compressors still in widespread use today. Hörbiger’s cosmology is known as the Welteislehre (World Ice Theory), also known as Glazial-Kosmogonie (Glacial Cosmogony). Hörbiger did not arrive at his theory through research but said that he had received it in a "vision" in 1894.

According to his theory, ice was the basic substance of all cosmic processes, and ice moons, ice planets, and the “global ether” (also made of ice) had determined the entire development of the universe.

By his own account, Hörbiger was observing the Moon when he was struck by the notion that the brightness and roughness of its surface were due to ice. Shortly after, he experienced a dream in which he was floating in space watching the swinging of a pendulum which grew longer and longer until it broke.”I knew that Newton had been wrong and that the sun’s gravitational pull ceases to exist at three times the distance of Neptune,” he concluded.

The earth, Hörbiger stated, is a meeting point between ice and fire: Horbiger taught that it had already attracted three moons, and that the one we see at present is the fourth, which, of course, is made of ice.

Like its predecessors, this moon will eventually collide with our planet, and then it will be the turn of Mars. All of earth’s history is the result of the forces exerted by its successive moons, and can be divided into four distinct geological epochs:. at the end of each epoch, the cosmic forces are at their strongest, due to the closeness of the moon, and the result has been beings of gigantic size.

The first epoch culminated in the age of giant vegetation and insects: the second in the dinosaurs, the giant mammals, and the first human beings, a race of giants, as mentioned in Genesis 6.4, who ruled the earth some 15,000,000 years ago: the third was the mythical Golden Age, that of Lemuria, Atlantis and Thule, destroyed by the cataclysm of the third moon falling on the Earth 150,000 years ago; the fourth age is our own.

According to Horbiger, the beginning of this age was marked by battles between the giants who had survived the third, and the men of the fourth, as recorded in mythologies.

Other giants taught men to find the ancient civilizations of South America, Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Eventually the giants died out, and the man declined into the drabness of Judaeo-Christian civilization, where he forgot his glorious heritage.

But this is only temporary. Affected by the cosmic rays of a moon which is spiraling imperceptibly closer, man will awaken to a realization of his place in a living universe, mutations will transform his existence, and demi-gods and giants will again arise in our midst.

Horbiger averred that an “uprush of fire” was imminent, that great initiates would co-operate once more with the cosmos and its struggle between ice and fire, that supermen would once more walk the earth’s surface, and that before them the slave men would tremble and obey.

These doctrines conformed with the legends of primitive peoples and the mythologies of the ancients, with the visions of Nietzsche and of Wagner. They had many similarities too with the teachings of Gurdjieff (see right) and Madame Blavatsky (see left). A cameo of Hitler’s remarks, drawn from his “Table Talk,” displays his agreement with the teachings of Horbiger:

"I’m quite inclined to accept the cosmic theories of Horbiger.

It’s not impossible, in fact, that 10,000 years before our era there was a clash between the earth and the moon that gave the moon its present orbit.

It’s also possible that the earth attracted to itself the atmosphere of the moon and that this radically altered the conditions of life on our planet… It seems to me that these questions will be capable of solution on the day when a man will intuitively establish the connection between these facts, thus teaching exact science on the path to follow…..
… It was a great step forward in the days of Ptolemy to say that the earth was a sphere and that the stars circulated around it.

Since then there has been continual progress… Copernicus first. Copernicus, in his turn, has been largely left behind and things will always be so. In our time, Horbiger has made another step forward… The real question is whether the earth came from the sun or whether it has a tendency to approach it.

For me there is no doubt that planetary satellites are attracted by the planets, just as the latter are attracted by a fixed point, the sun. Since there is no such thing as a vacuum, it is possible that the planets’ speed of rotation and movement may grow slower.

Thus it is not impossible, for example, that Mars may become one—day—a satellite of earth… I shall construct … an observatory in which will be represented by the three great cosmological conceptions of history’.

– Those of Ptolemy, Copernicus and Horbiger.’

Horbiger’s theories taken with those of a commentator, Edgar Daque, confirmed Hitler’s own belief in the imminence of the transformation of man. Hörbiger worked out his theory in collaboration with the astronomer and schoolteacher Philipp Fauth (see right), whom he met in 1898, and published it as Glazial-Kosmogonie in 1912. Fauth had previously produced a large lunar map and had a considerable following, which lent Hörbiger’s theory some respectability.

It did not receive a great deal of attention at the time, but following World War I Hörbiger decided to change his strategy by promoting the new “cosmic truth” not only to people at universities and academies, but also to the general public.

Hörbiger thought that if “the masses” accepted his ideas then they might put enough pressure on the academic establishment to force his theory into the mainstream.

No effort was spared in popularizing the theory: “cosmotechnical” societies were founded, which offered public lectures that attracted large audiences, there were cosmic ice movies and radio programs, and even cosmic ice journals and novels. The followers of the theory exerted a great deal of public pressure on behalf of the theory. The movement published posters, pamphlets, and books, and even a newspaper, “The Key to World Events”. A company owned by an adherent would only hire people who declared themselves convinced of the theory’s truth. Some followers even attended astronomical meetings to heckle, shouting, “Out with astronomical orthodoxy! Give us Hörbiger!“

During this period, the name was changed from the Graeco-Latin Glazial-Kosmogonie (Glacial Cosmogony) to the more Germanic Welteislehre (“world ice doctrine&rdquo😉. One of the early supporters of Hörbiger’s theories was Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the leading theorist behind the early development of the National Socialist Party in Germany in 1923. However, Chamberlain was also a gifted amateur astronomer, with a full-size observatory built on the top floor of his house in Bayreuth (see left), and as such he lent his weight to the growing support for Hörbiger’s theory.

Two organizations were set up in Vienna concerned with the theory, the Kosmotechnische Gesellschaft (Cosmotechnical society) and the Hörbiger Institute.

The first was formed in 1921 by a group of enthusiastic adherents of the Theory, which included engineers, physicians, civil servants, and businessmen. Most had been personally acquainted with Hörbiger, and had attended his many lectures.

Among Hörbiger’s followers was Viennese author Egon Friedell, who explained the World Ice Theory in his 1930 “Cultural History of the Modern Age.”

Egon Friedell (1878 - 1938) was a prominent Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer, and theatre critic. Described as a polymath, he took his own life shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, jumping out of his apartment's window when the SA came to arrest him.

During the early 1920s, Friedell wrote the three volumes of his Cultural History of the Modern Age, which describes events from the Black Death to World War I in an anecdotal format. In 1925, publisher Hermann Ullstein received the first volume, but was suspicious of the historiography of an actor. Five other publishers subsequently rejected the book. The first volume was finally published by Heinrich Beck in Munich in 1927 and the following two volumes in 1928 and 1931. The book proved very successful and allowed Friedell to continue his work as an author and has been translated into seven languages. His approach to history was influenced by Oswald Spengler and Jacob Burckhardt.

For instance, Friedell writes; "All the classifications man has ever devised are arbitrary, artificial, and false, but simple reflection also shows that such classifications are useful, indispensable, and above all unavoidable since they accord with an innate aspect of our thinking." Friedell summed up the Congress of Vienna as: "the Tsar of Russia falls in love for everyone; the King of Prussia thinks for everyone, the King of Denmark speaks for everyone; the King of Bavaria drinks for everyone; the King of Württemberg eats for everyone … and the Emperor of Austria pays for everyone.

In 1933, when the Nazis came to power in Germany, Friedell described the regime as: "the realm of the Antichrist. Every trace of nobility, piety, education, reason is persecuted in the most hateful and base manner by a bunch of debased menials". In 1937, Friedell's works were banned by the National Socialist regime as they did not conform to the theory of history promoted by the NSDAP, and all German and Austrian publishers refused to publish his works.

On the occasion of the Anschluss of Austria, anti-semitism was rampant: Jewish men and women were being beaten in the streets and their businesses and synagogues ransacked or destroyed. Friedell, knowing that he could be arrested by the Gestapo, began to contemplate ending his own life. Friedell told his close friend, Ödön von Horváth, in a letter written on 11 March: "I am always ready to leave, in every sense."
On 16 March 1938, at about 22:00, two SA men arrived at Friedell's house to arrest him. While they were still arguing with his housekeeper, Friedell, aged 60, committed suicide by jumping out of the window. Before leaping, he warned pedestrians walking on the sideway where he hit by shouting "Watch out! Get out of the way!" Friedell, of whom Hilde Spiel said "in him, the exhilarating fiction of the homo universalis rose once again", was interred in the Zentralfriedhof cemetery in Vienna.

In 1954, a street in Vienna was named after him. In 1978, the Austrian postal service issued a stamp with his portrait in celebration of his 100th birthday. In 2005, his grave was given the honor of becoming an Ehrengrab

After Hörbiger’s death in 1931, the followers of the Welteislehre came to the conclusion that given the changing political situation in Germany, aligning the theory with National Socialism would eventually lead to its acceptance; the Welteislehre had already been heavily and successfully promoted as the “German antithesis” of the “Jewish” theory of relativity in the late 1920s.

And so the movement became more and more pro-Nazi, with the Welteislehre supporters saying things like “Our Nordic ancestors grew strong in ice and snow; belief in the Cosmic Ice is consequently the natural heritage of Nordic Man,” — “Just as it needed a child of Austrian culture—Hitler!—to put the Jewish politicians in their place, so it needed an Austrian to cleanse the world of Jewish science.“

@Krunoslav

"But they fail to put religion in its broader historical context, where it was a critical factor in permitting broad social cooperation that transcended kin and friends as a source of social relationships. Moreover, secular ideologies like Marxism-Leninism or nationalism that have displaced religious beliefs in many contemporary societies can be and have been no less destructive due to the passionate beliefs that they engender."

That is the one thing that I dislike about the new atheist the most. They never talk about the downside of socialism, new liberalism, or humanism. Had the progressive project been more successful they would have an excuse but as it is they choose to play it safe and avoid being "canceled".

@Krunoslav

"Somehow I doubt that it was misunderstanding, as much as engineered that way. After all, for the ideologues a path to utopia can only be sustained if they pretend reality is on their said, no matter how much they have to bend it and even break it."

I was talking about the scientists and general public not so much the philosophers. The ideologies would not be so widely accepted if the problems were better understood.

@wolfhnd "I was talking about the scientists and general public not so much the philosophers. The ideologies would not be so widely accepted if the problems were better understood."

I don't know. One would hope you are correct. But as we have seen, people crave social acceptance and access to societal goodies more than they care about the truth or facts. How many, who knew about Trans ideology and how false it is, were quick to accept it in order to keep their career position or even went to become cheerleader of the next current thing, because that is how they are rewarded. That is the incentive of society.

Climate change, Ukraine, Taiwan, Covid, Trans insanity, BLM. I'm pretty sure many knew what it was, and yet they made a calculation... if they support the current thing, they get access to fame and fortune they could not get otherwise. So I'm no so sure, people would act rationally or with wisdom when presented with facts. For that they need virtues character and that is in very short supply.

@wolfhnd "That is the one thing that I dislike about the new atheist the most. They never talk about the downside of socialism, new liberalism, or humanism. Had the progressive project been more successful they would have an excuse but as it is they choose to play it safe and avoid being "canceled"."

I'm with you on that one. Completely agree. Sam Harris the famed atheist maybe godless, but he is as of a religious fanatic and the most dedicated Jihadist that he likes to mock.

@Krunoslav

It's deeper than that. Sure most people are motivated by their place in the social hierarchy, money and fame. It shows up in little ways among the "common people" as keeping up with the Jones. Most people also care at some level about right and wrong. They may have a really warped view of reality such as honor among thieves or are able to justify terrorism on some pretty shaky grounds but it's there. Perhaps the best example is post modernism. While I question the character of actors such as Foucault at some level I think they thought they were setting people free from arbitrary conventions of thought. The insight that their are an infinite number of narratives made a contribution to intellectual thought. Their lack of concern for what their philosophy would do to the necessary cohesion of society turned out to be very dark. Had their ideas stayed in intellectual circles it would have been fairly harmless.

The way things flow down from intellectuals is interesting. Take relativity for example. Everyone talks about but few understand it. The same is true of quantum uncertainty or for that matter post modernism.

1

If Comte were alive today, I wonder how he'd answer American SJWs hectoring him as a dumb, crappy white male. 😸

sqeptiq Level 10 Feb 19, 2023

Yeah, in the postmodernist unreality of today's woke SJW's, Mao, Lenin and Stalin are far right wingers because they don't recognize rainbow of genders. lol That is how far down the rabbit hole these fruitcakes have went.

@Krunoslav Dylan Mulvaney: "Comrade Stalin! It's an honor to meet you!"

—"Your comrades are in corrective labor camps. Away with this degenerate!"

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